Ramek Bundles

Remak bundles, named after Robert Remak, a 19th-century neurologist, are structures found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). They consist of small, unmyelinated C fibers bundled together within a single Schwann cell. Unlike myelinated nerve fibers, these bundles do not have a myelin sheath, a lipid layer that increases the speed of electrical impulses, or action potentials, along a nerve fiber^[1].

C fibers, which make up Remak bundles, are the smallest and slowest conducting nerve fibers in the PNS. They are involved in transmitting non-urgent pain signals, temperature sensation, and autonomic functions (e.g., regulating heart rate and gland secretion). These fibers are polymodal, meaning they respond to multiple types of stimuli, such as mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli.

Remak bundles, therefore, can be found wherever there are peripheral nerves, such as the skin, the visceral organs, and the limbs. One of their critical functions is to conduct nerve impulses slowly to allow the body to perceive and respond to changes in pain and temperature. However, they can be implicated in neuropathic pain conditions, where damage to or malfunction of the nervous system results in chronic pain.